Essay on Guthrie's Work on
Self-Examination
Part 1
On Guthrie's "The Christian's
Great Interest":
St. Andrews, January 1825.
There are few subjects or exercises more deeply important
to professing Christians, than that which forms the principal topic in the
following admirable treatise - the work of self-examination. But
self-examination is a work of great difficulty, and is accordingly shrunk from,
or altogether declined by the great body of professing Christians. It is more
the habitual style of the mind's contemplations to look at that which is
without, than at that which is within - and it is far easier to read the
epistles of the written Record, than to read the tablets of one's own heart,
and so to ascertain whether it be indeed a living epistle of Christ Jesus our
Lord. There is something so shadowy and evanescent in the phases of the human
spirit - such a want of the distinct and of the tangible, in its various
characteristics - such a turmoil, and confusion, and apparent incoherence in
the rapid succession of those thoughts, and impulses, and emotions, which find
their way through the avenues of the inner man - that men, as if lost in the
mazes of a labyrinth, deem the world which is within to be the most hopeless
and impracticable of all mysteries - nor in the whole range of their varied
speculations, do they meet with that which more baffles their endeavors to
seize upon, than the busy principle that is lodged within them, and has taken
up its residence in the familiar intimacies of their own bosom. The difficulty
of knowing our own heart is much enhanced, if we are in quest of some character
or some lineament which is but faintly engraven thereupon. When the thing that
we are seeking for is so very dim, or so very minute, as to be almost
indiscernible, this makes it a far more fatiguing exercise - and, it may be, an
altogether fruitless one.
Should then the features of our personal
Christianity be yet slightly or obscurely formed, it will need a more intense
and laborious scrutiny ere we can possibly recognize them. Should there be a
languor in our love to God - should there be a frailty in our purposes of
obedience - should there be a trembling indecision of principle, and the
weakness or the wavering of a mind that is scarcely made up on the question of
a preference for time or for eternity, let us not marvel, though all disguised
as these seeds and elements of regeneration within us may be, amid the vigorous
struggle of the old man, and the remaining urgencies of a nature which will not
receive its death-blow but with the same stroke that brings our bodies to the
dust - let us not marvel, if in these circumstances, the hardships of the
search should deter many from undertaking it - and though after months, or even
years of earnestness in religion, the disciple may still be in ignorance of
himself, as if blindfolded from the view of his own character; or, if arrested
at the threshold by a sense of its many difficulties, the work of
self-examination has not yet been entered on. It is thus the dark and
unsearchable nature of the subject operates insensibly but powerfully as a
restraint on self-examination - and certainly there would be encouragement felt
to begin this exercise, were it made to appear in the light of a more
practicable exercise, that could really and successfully be gone through. It is
just as if set upon the task of searching for some minute article on the floor
of an apartment, of which the windows had been partially closed - a weary and
hopeless undertaking, till the sun has fully arisen, and the shutters have been
altogether unfolded, and the greatest possible supply of light has been
admitted into the room. Then the search might be entered upon with vigor, and
just because now it could be entered upon with the alacrity of a comfortable
expectation. The work is less repulsive, because easier - and now might the
whole surface of this trial for a discovery be patiently explored, just because
now a greater visibility had been poured over it. This leads to a remark, which
though a mere preliminary to the subject of self-examination, we nevertheless
deem to be one of great practical importance. We think that however inscrutable
at this moment our mind may be, and however faintly the marks and the
characteristics of our Christianity are delineated thereupon, yet that even now
the inward survey ought to be commenced, and renewed at frequent intervals, and
daily persevered in.
But, meanwhile, and to facilitate the search, we
should do the very thing that is done in the case of a dark apartment. There
should be as much light as possible thrown upon the subject from without. If
the lineaments of grace within us be faint, that ought instantly to be done
which might have the effect of brightening them into a more lucid distinctness,
and so making the work of discovery easier then before. If the love, and the
joy, and the grateful devotedness to his Saviour's will, wherewith the heart of
a believer is animated, be hardly discernible in his efforts to ascertain them,
this is the very reason why all those direct expedients should forthwith be
resorted to for stirring up the love, and for exciting the joy, and for fixing
in the bosom that grateful devotedness which he is now going so fruitlessly in
quest of, and which, if they exist at all, are so shrunken in magnitude, or so
enveloped in their own dimness, that they have hitherto eluded all his
endeavors to seek after them, if haply he may find them. Now it is not by
continuing to pore inwardly that we will shed a greater luster over the tablet
of our own character, any more than we can enlighten the room in which we sit
by the straining of our eyes towards the various articles which are therein
distributed. In the one case, we take help from the window, and through it from
the sun of nature - and this not to supersede the proposed investigation on our
part, but altogether to aid and encourage us in that investigation. And in the
other case, that the eye of the mind may look with advantage upon itself
inwardly, should it often look outwardly to those luminaries which are
suspended from the canopy of that revelation which is from above - we should
throw widely open the portal of faith, and this is the way by which light is
admitted into the chambers of experience - in defect of a manifest love, and a
manifest loyalty, and a manifest sacredness of heart, which we have been
seeking for in vain amongst the ambiguities of the inner man, we should expose
the whole of this mysterious territory to the influences of the Sun of
righteousness, and this is done by gazing upon him with a believer's eye. It is
by regarding the love wherewith God in Christ hath loved us, that the before
cold and sluggish heart is roused into the respondency of love back again. That
the work of reading be made more easy, the character must be made more legible.
That Christianity be clearly reflected from our own bosom, all must be
laid open to the Christianity of the Record. If we derive no good from the work
of self-examination, because we find that all is confusion and mistiness
within, then let us go forth upon the truths which are without, and these will
pour a flood of light into all the mazes and intricacies of the soul, and, at
length, render that work easy, which before was impracticable. No doubt, it is
by looking inwardly that we discover what is in the mind - but it is by looking
outwardly that we so brighten and bring out its characteristics, as to make
these discernible. The gratitude that was before unfelt, because it lay
dormant, let us awaken it by the sight of Him who was lifted upon the cross for
our offences, and then will it meet the observation. The filial affection for
our Father in heaven, which before was dead, let us quicken it into a felt and
gracious sensibility, by looking unto Him in his revealed attitude of
graciousness, and at our next exercise of self-inspection, we will be sure to
find it. To revive the power of a life that is to come, which the despair of
guilt had utterly extinguished in the soul, let us cast our believing regard on
the promises of the gospel - and this will set it up again, and then will we
more readily ascertain, that our happiness in time is less dear to us than our
hopes for eternity.
It is thus that by the contemplation of that which
is without, we brighten the consciousness of that which is within - and the
more manifest the things of revelation are to the eye of faith, the more
manifest will the things of experience be to the eye of conscience - and the
more distinctly we can view the epistles of Christ in the written Record, the
more discernible will its counterpart be in that epistle which is written not
with pen and ink, but by the Spirit of God, on the fleshly tablets of our own
heart. And so the work of faith, instead of being proposed by us as a
substitute, we should propose as the readiest help, and far the best
preparative for the work of self-examination. It were well, if thus we could
compose the jealousy of those who deem it legal to go in quest of evidence -
but better still, if we could guide the practice of those with whom the
business of salvation forms a practical and not a merely theoretical or
speculative question. And first, we would say to them, that so far from setting
faith aside by the work of self-examination, we hold that it is the former
which supplies the latter with all its materials, and sheds that light over
them which makes them visible to the eye of consciousness. Were there no faith,
there would be no fruits to inquire after - and it were utterly in vain to go
a-seeking where there was absolutely nothing to find. To a sinner in distress,
we unfold the pardon of the gospel; and we bid him look unto Jesus, that he may
rejoice. We surely could not say less than this to an inquirer in darkness,
even though it be a darkness that has gathered and rests over the tablet of his
own character, and hides from his own view all that is good and gracious
thereupon. Should the eye fail of its discernment when turned inwardly upon the
evidences, we should bid it turn outwardly upon the promises, and this is the
way to bring down a clear and satisfying light upon the soul. Just as in some
minute and difficult search over the floor of an apartment, we throw open all
its windows to the sun of nature, so we ought, by faith, to throw open all the
chambers of the inner man to the light of the Sun of Righteousness.
They are the truths that be without, which give rise to the traces of a
spiritual workmanship within - and the indistinctness of the latter is just the
reason why the soul should be ever aiming by attention and belief at a
communication with the former. When self-examination is at a loss to read the
characters which are written upon the heart, it is faith alone which can make
the inscription more legible and never will man get acquainted with the home of
his own bosom, but by constant supplies of light and influence from abroad. If
we feel, then, an outset of difficulty, in the work of self-examination, let us
go anew to the fountain-head of revelation, and there warm, into a sensibility
that may be felt, the cold and the faded lineaments of that image which it is
the genuine tendency of the truth as it is in Jesus to impress upon the soul.
That we may prosper when we examine ourselves, whether we are in the faith, we
should have the faith. We should keep it in daily and habitual exercise, and
this will strengthen it. If we be familiar with the truths that are without,
less will be our difficulty in recognizing the traces that are within. The more
we gaze upon the radiance, the brighter will we glow with the reflection - and
so far from opposition in the exercises of self-examination and of faith, there
is the most necessary concert, the most important and beautiful harmony.
But, secondly whatever difficulties there be in
self-examination, we should even now make a beginning of the work. We should at
least try it - and if we do not succeed, repeat it again and again. We should
set ourselves formally down to it, as we would to a prescribed task - and it
were well too if we had a prescribed time every day for the doing of it, and
let a whole month of honest and sustained perseverance pass over our heads, ere
we say of the work that it is impracticable. The more we live a life of faith
through the day, the more distinct and legible will be that other page in the
record of our personal history, which we shall have to peruse on the evening -
and however little we may have sped at this trial of self-examination, we will
either be encouraged or rebuked by it, into a life of greater effort and
watchfulness on the morrow. In the business of each day, there will be a
reference to the account and settlement that we make at the end of it - and the
conclusion of each night will serve either to rectify the errors of our
preceding history, or to animate us the more in that path by which we are
moving sensibly onward to the heights of moral and spiritual excellence. Thus
indeed will we make a business of our sanctification - and, instead of that
vague, and shadowy, and altogether chimerical affair which we apprehend to be
the religion of many a professor in our day, will it become a matter of solid
and practical acquisitions, each of which shall have a visible reality in time,
and each of which, by adding to the treasure in heaven, will have its distinct
bearing on the interests of eternity.
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